Business Organization and Management Assignment Answer: आजके इस आर्टिकल में हम जानने वाले है Sol DU के बिज़नेस आर्गेनाइजेशन एंड मैनेजमेंट (Business Organisation and Management) के दूसरे सवाल के जवाब के बारे में, काफी बच्चे अभी भी लगे हुए है Sol DU के असाइनमेंट डाउनलोड करने में, लेकिन सर्वर की दिक्कत की वजह से नहीं हो पा रहा है इस आर्टिकल में आपको मै आपको SOL DU के बिज़नेस आर्गेनाइजेशन एंड मैनेजमेंट (Business Organisation and Management) के दूसरे सवाल का जवाब बताने वाला हु, Du Sol Business Organization and Management Assignment Answer
Question 2 (A)
Define Planning. Explain its significance.
Answer 2 (A)
Planning:- Planning is the fundamental management
function, which involves deciding beforehand, what is to be done,
when is it to be done, how it is to be done and who is going to do
it. It is an intellectual process which lays down an organisation’s
objectives and develops various courses of action, by which the
organisation can achieve those objectives. It chalks out exactly,
how to attain a specific goal.
Business Organization and Management Question 2 Assignment Answer
Planning is nothing but thinking before the action takes place. It
helps us to take a peep into the future and decide in advance the
way to deal with the situations, which we are going to encounter
in future. It involves logical thinking and rational decision
making.
Planning can be defined as “thinking in advance what is to be
done, when it is to be done, how it is to be done and by whom it
should be done”. In simple words we can say, planning bridges the
gap between where we are standing today and where we want to
reach.Planning involves setting objectives and deciding in
advance the appropriate course of action to achieve these
objectives so we can also define planning as setting up of
objectives and targets and formulating an action plan to achieve
them.
Another important ingredient of planning is time. Plans are
always developed for a fixed time period as no business can go on
planning endlessly.
Significance of Planning:-
Planning provides Direction:- Planning is concerned with
predetermined course of action. It provides the directions to the
efforts of employees. Planning makes clear what employees have
to do, how to do, etc. By stating in advance how work has to be
done, planning provides direction for action. Employees know in
advance in which direction they have to work. This leads to
Unity of Direction also. If there were no planning, employees would be working in different directions and organisation would not be able to achieve its desired goal.
Planning reduces over lapping and wasteful activities:- The
organisational plans are made keeping in mind the requirements
of all the departments. The departmental plans are derived from
main organisational plan. As a result there will be co-ordination
in different departments. On the other hand, if the managers,
non-managers and all the employees are following course of
action according to plan then there will be integration in the
activities. Plans ensure clarity of thoughts and action and work
can be carried out smoothly.
Planning Reduces the risk of uncertainties: Organisations have
to face many uncertainties and unexpected situations every day.
Planning helps the manager to face the uncertainty because
planners try to foresee the future by making some assumptions
regarding future keeping in mind their past experiences and
scanning of business environments. The plans are made to
overcome such uncertainties. The plans also include unexpected
risks such as fire or some other calamities in the organisation.
The resources are kept aside in the plan to meet such
uncertainties.
Bcom Business Organization and Management Assignment Answer
Planning Promotes innovative ideas:- Planning requires high
thinking and it is an intellectual process. So, there is a great scope
of finding better ideas, better methods and procedures to perform
a particular job. Planning process forces managers to think
differently and assume the future conditions. So, it makes the
managers innovative and creative.
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Planning Facilitates Decision Making:- Planning helps the
managers to take various decisions. As in planning goals are set in
advance and predictions are made for future. These predictions
and goals help the manager to take fast decisions.
Question 2 (B)
What is matrix organisation? Explain its merits and limitations.
Answer 2 (B)
Matrix Organisation:- Matrix organisation or grid
organisation is a hybrid structure combining two complementary
structures functional departmentation with pure project
structure.
Functional structure is a permanent feature of the matrix
organisation and retains authority for the overall operation of the
functional units.
आशा है कि आप सभी असाइनमेंट अच्छे तरीके से बना रहे है सोशल मीडिया पर थोड़ा प्यार देकर हमारी मदद करे
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Project departments are created whenever specific projects
require a high degree of technical skill and other resources for a
temporary period.
Functional departments create a vertical chain of command while
the project team forms the horizontal lines, thereby forming a
matrix. A matrix organisation is a two dimensional structure, a
combination of pure project structure and the traditional
functional departments
Merits and limitations:-
Merits of Matrix Organisation:-
- It helps to focus attention, talent and resources on single project
individually which facilitates better planning and control. - It is more flexible than the traditional functional structures.
- It provides an environment in which professionals can test their
competence and make maximum contributions. - It provides motivation to the project staff as they can focus
directly on the completion of a particular project.
Limitations :-
- It violates the principle of unity of command. Each employee
has two superiors-one functional superior and other project
superior. - The scalar principle is also violated as there is no determinate hierarchy.
- Conflict may arise because of the heterogeneity of team
- members.
- Here the organisational relationships are more complex. Apart
- from formal relationships, informal ones also arise which create
- problems of co-ordination.
Question 2 (C)
Define leadership. What are the styles of leadership.
Answer 2 (C)
Leadership:-
leadership is somewhat polymorphic in nature.
The definition would take a different meaning in different
instances. Contrary to the popular belief, it has nothing to do with
your stature or hierarchy in the company, it’s more about
developing a positive attitude and transmitting it to others to
encourage them to reach a common goal.
The great Nelson Mandela said something very apt about
leadership. He said that,“A leader is like a shepherd. He stays
behind the flock, letting the most nimble go out ahead,
whereupon the others follow, not realizing that all along that
they are being directed from behind.”
Business Organization and Management Question 2 Assignment Answer
Leadership styles:-
Interestingly, each one of us is a leader and we
have a leadership style that comes into function during hards
times in life as well as at the workplace. However, many people
seem to confuse management with leadership or vice-versa. But
there is a lot of difference between leadership and management. For now, we must focus on knowing about different styles of leadership and how to get the most out of them.
Autocratic leadership style:-
Autocratic leadership style is a
strong one-dimensional leadership style that gives full power or
authority to the leader/boss/manager. In this style, the leader
makes all the decisions without any consultation with
subordinates or team members. He makes all the crucial calls
which are then communicated to team members and they are
expected to work on the instructions immediately.
Democratic leadership style:-
Unlike the above leadership style,
the democratic leadership style is more participative in nature
where the leader involves team members while making critical
decisions.
Coaching leadership style:-
It was debatable for quite some time
to consider coaching as a style of leadership or not. However, it is
one of the most effective leadership styles that doesn’t lead directly
but indirectly.
Strategic leadership style:-
“Strategic leadership is the ability to
influence others to voluntarily make decisions that enhance the
prospects for the organization’s long-term success.”
-Transformational leadership style:- Transformational leadership
focuses on setting high goals with strict deadlines and working in
unison to accomplish them on time. This way transformational
leaders set challenging expectations for themselves and the team
to achieve exceptional results.
Question 2 (D)
Define delegation of authority. Explain its principles and limitations.
Answer 2 (D)
Delegation of Authority:- While the duties and tasks are
entrusted to the subordinates by the superior, the authority
should be granted them to perform those duties and tasks well. It is called as “delegation of authority”. This delegation of authority
is considered as an essential to take all actions, which lead to
accomplish their duties successfully, and the organisational goals.
The process of delegation starts from the chief executive of an
organisation who has the total responsibility for the achievement
of goals. In order to share the responsibility of accomplishing
goals, he further delegates the work to his subordinates.
The Delegation of Authority is a process through which a manager
assigns responsibility to the subordinate to carry out the work on
his behalf. Also, a certain authority is delegated to the subordinate
to the extent, which is sufficient to accomplish the assigned
responsibility.
Principles:-
Principle of unity of command – This principle states that a
subordinate should get instructions from only one superior and he
is accountable only to the concerned superior. Dual accountability
creates confusion in the mind of the subordinate.
Principle of parity of authority and responsibility – Authority
should be commensurate with responsibility. Authority without
responsibility will make the subordinate a careless person. On the
other hand, responsibility without authority will make the
subordinate an inefficient person. So, there should be a proper
balance between authority and responsibility.
Principle of delegation by results – It is essential that the
assignment of tasks and the entrustment of authority should be
done keeping in view the results expected. The organizational
objectives are to be clearly defined, as duties to be performed are
related to the objectives to be attained.
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Principle of limitations of authority – The limits of authority of
each subordinate should be well-defined so that one cannot
misuse such authority. There should be a written manual which
helps a subordinate to understand the authority in the right
direction.
Principle of effective communication – There should be an
effective communication system between the delegator and the
delegatee. Two-way communication is essential to make the
delegation effective. As a result, a superior can give clear
instructions and the subordinate can seek the necessary
clarifications.
Principle of proper motivation – A subordinate should be
motivated through positive incentives so that he accepts the
responsibility and can show excellent performance. A rational
system of reward, financial or non-financial, would act as an
incentive to subordinates to take on the responsibility willingly.
Limits:- A manager cannot properly delegate authority unless he
fully knows what his own authority is. To avoid confusion in this
respect, there should be written manuals and orders to indicate
the limits of authority and area of operations of each manager.
- Central management is far removed from the actual operations
where the decisions are made so that it becomes difficult to
pinpoint major problems when they occur because decisions are
made by many subordinates. - The second problem may lie in the area of coordination. If
coordination among these many subordinates is not adequate,
then confusion may result and it may become difficult to exercise
control over procedures and policies. - It may be difficult to perfectly match the task with the capability
of the subordinate.
Business Organization and Management Question 2 Assignment Answer
आशा है कि आप सभी असाइनमेंट अच्छे तरीके से बना रहे है सोशल मीडिया पर थोड़ा प्यार देकर हमारी मदद करे
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